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Assessment of tomographic parameters and detection of subclinical edema in Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy
João Alves-Ambrósio1, Vítor Miranda1, Catarina Pestana Aguiar1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Unidade Local de Saúde Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira 4520-211, Portugal.
Aim:
To assess tomographic changes and subclinical edema detection in Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) through Scheimpflug tomography in a group of phakic patients contemplating cataract surgery.
Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 30 phakic eyes from patients diagnosed with FECD but without clinical edema, and 59 phakic eyes from a control group without corneal alterations. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were conducted, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, corneal specular microscopy (CSM), and Scheimpflug tomography.
Results:
The study encompassed 30 phakic eyes with FECD (mean age 59.8±13.1y) and 59 control eyes (mean age 61.3±7.7y). The best-corrected visual acuity was higher in the control group compared to the FECD group [0 (0, 0.08) vs 0.05 (0, 0.15) logMAR; P=0.042]. CSM revealed significant differences between the FECD and control groups in several parameters: number of analyzed cells (26±13 vs 135±42, P<0.001), cell density (2049±376 vs 2479±225 cells/mm2, P<0.001), mean cell area [463 (434, 544) vs 397 (383, 431) µm2; P<0.001], coefficient of variation (54.8%±18.7% vs 41.0%±7.2%, P<0.001), and hexagonal cells [0 (0, 47%) vs 47% (40%, 53%), P<0.001]. Although often used as a clinical parameter for detecting edema, central corneal thickness measured by CSM showed no significant difference between the FECD and control groups (530±57 vs 546±30 µm, P=0.179). Significant differences were noted in various Pentacam measurements between the groups. Specifically, parameters like loss of parallel isopachs (13 vs 0 eyes, P<0.001), displacement of the thinnest point (11 vs 0 eyes, P<0.001), posterior focal depression (25 vs 7 eyes, P<0.001), and increased light scatter [21.4 (17.6; 23.9) vs 18.0 (16.8, 21.8), P=0.01] were significantly more prevalent in FECD eyes, reflecting the presence of subclinical edema and loss of corneal transparency.
Conclusion:
Scheimpflug tomography allows for an objective assessment of FECD, offering the capability to detect subclinical edema at an early stage, monitor disease progression, and serve as a predictor of corneal decompensation following cataract surgery.
