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Addressing Cardiometabolic Challenges in HIV: Insights, Impact, and Best Practices for Optimal Management-A Narrative
Nadine Mugisha1,2, Laura Ghanem1,3, Omar A I Komi1,4
1Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education Kigali Rwanda.
Health Science Reports
|April 21, 2025
Summary
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has increased survival for people with HIV but not prevented cardiometabolic complications. Early detection and management of these risks are crucial for improving long-term health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved survival rates for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- Despite increased lifespan, people with HIV face a higher incidence of cardiometabolic complications, including cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and lipodystrophy.
- These complications arise from a complex interplay of chronic inflammation, immune activation, ART-related metabolic effects, and lifestyle factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a nuanced understanding of the relationship between HIV and cardiometabolic disorders.
- To explore the clinical implications of these comorbidities.
- To adapt optimal management strategies for individuals living with HIV and cardiometabolic health challenges.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was conducted using predetermined search strategies.
- Data were retrieved from major bibliographical databases including PubMed, Science Direct, and Embase.
- Current literature on the association between cardiometabolic challenges and HIV was synthesized.
Main Results:
- People with HIV exhibit a high risk for cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and lipodystrophy.
- Routine cardiometabolic risk assessment, prevention, and screening are recommended.
- Optimizing antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens and implementing lifestyle interventions (diet, exercise) are key to reducing negative health outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Early detection of cardiovascular risk factors through regular screening is pivotal for timely interventions.
- Collaboration among healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers is essential to address evolving challenges.
- Continued research and advocacy efforts will advance knowledge and optimize long-term health outcomes for people living with HIV.
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