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Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis
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Fluoride Content, Availability, and Stability in a Propolis-Based Dentifrice.

Mara Assef Leitão Lotif1, Lidia Audrey Rocha Valadas1,2, Peter Bottenberg3

  • 1Pharmacy Department, Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing College, Federal University of Ceara, 1210 Pastor Samuel Mulunga Street 60430372, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.

International Journal of Dentistry
|April 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brazilian red propolis dentifrice showed stable soluble fluoride for 12 months. However, fluoride concentration decreased significantly after 24 months of aging.

Keywords:
dental cariesdentifricesnatural products

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Health
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Fluoride dentifrices are crucial for caries prevention.
  • Brazilian red propolis (BRP) possesses potential therapeutic properties.
  • Investigating the stability of fluoride in BRP-containing dentifrices is essential for product efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the stability of total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF), and ionizable fluoride (IF) in a dentifrice formulated with Brazilian red propolis (BRP).
  • To determine the impact of aging on fluoride content in the BRP dentifrice over a 24-month period.

Main Methods:

  • A dentifrice containing calcium carbonate and sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) with 1500 μg/g fluoride was formulated.
  • Fluoride concentrations (TF, TSF, IF) were measured using an ion-specific electrode (ISE) at 0, 12, and 24 months.
  • Duplicate analyses were performed on five batches from multiple lots.

Main Results:

  • After 12 months, TF ranged from 1198.9 to 1443.6 ppm F, TSF from 869.6 to 965.8 ppm F, and IF from 223.5 to 269.7 ppm F.
  • After 24 months, TF ranged from 763.5 to 1083.1 ppm F, TSF from 552.3 to 758.4 ppm F, and IF from 102.2 to 174.7 ppm F.
  • Soluble fluoride (TSF and IF) showed relative stability up to 12 months but decreased significantly by 24 months.

Conclusions:

  • The BRP dentifrice demonstrated acceptable fluoride stability for the first 12 months.
  • A notable reduction in soluble fluoride concentration was observed at the 24-month time point.
  • Further research may be needed to optimize the formulation for long-term fluoride stability in BRP-containing dentifrices.