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Supplementation of the Probiotic LLH135 Reduces Oxidative Stress in a Model of Hemiparkinsonism
Mario E Flores-Soto1, Angelica Y Nápoles-Medina1,2, Aldo R Tejeda-Martínez1
1Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Abstract:
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are considered as the two main etiological reasons behind idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, the actual treatments are focused on improving motor symptoms by restoring dopamine (DA) presence, leaving said causes unattended. Probiotics could be a promising strategy for the improvement of these physiological features behind the disease and therefore constitute a complementary treatment for those having PD. This study evaluated the effect of the oral administration of a probiotic bacteria mixture from 3 strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum LH01, Limosilactobacillus reuteri LH03, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LH05 (LLH135), of human milk origin, for 4 weeks, on mice under the hemiparkinsonism model of intrastriatal administration of 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA). We measured total antioxidant capacity (TAC), super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and 8-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) regarding oxidative stress. Concerning neuroinflammation, immunoreactivity for GFAP, IBA-1, and CD68 was measured by immunohistochemistry and the latter markers corroborated in colocalization with immunofluorescence to assess activated microglia. The probiotic mixture diminished the oxidative stress features of SOD activity as well as 8-OHdG generated by the model of hemiparkinsonism. These effects were accompanied as well by the dampening of the glial immunoreactivity and colocalization of IBA-1 and CD68 that were present under the model. Our findings suggest that the administration of the probiotic LLH135 exerts neuroprotective effects by promoting an antioxidant response which could be explained by the modulation of the response from glial cells to dopaminergic neuronal damage induced with 6-OHDA.
Insights
This study shows that a probiotic mixture (LLH135) reduced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a Parkinson
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, yet current treatments primarily address motor symptoms.
- Existing therapies for Parkinson's disease do not target the underlying causes of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
- Probiotics offer a potential complementary strategy for managing the physiological factors contributing to Parkinson's disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the neuroprotective effects of a specific probiotic mixture (LLH135) in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
- To evaluate the impact of LLH135 on oxidative stress markers and neuroinflammation.
- To determine if LLH135 can modulate glial cell responses to dopaminergic neuronal damage.
Main Methods:
- Oral administration of a probiotic mixture (LLH135) containing three *Limosilactobacillus* and *Lactiplantibacillus* strains for 4 weeks.
- Utilized a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced hemiparkinsonism mouse model.
- Assessed oxidative stress via total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and 8-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels.
- Measured neuroinflammation using immunohistochemistry for GFAP, IBA-1, and CD68, and immunofluorescence for activated microglia colocalization.
Main Results:
- The LLH135 probiotic mixture significantly reduced SOD activity and 8-OHdG levels, indicating diminished oxidative stress.
- Probiotic administration dampened glial cell activation, evidenced by reduced GFAP, IBA-1, and CD68 immunoreactivity.
- The study observed a decrease in activated microglia, confirmed by colocalization of IBA-1 and CD68 markers.
Conclusions:
- Oral administration of the probiotic LLH135 demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects in a Parkinson's disease model.
- LLH135 promotes an antioxidant response and modulates glial cell activity, mitigating dopaminergic neuronal damage.
- This probiotic mixture represents a promising complementary therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease by targeting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
