Metal Nanoparticles Produced Using Autotrophs and Their Bioproducts: A Comparative Overview between Photosynthesizing...

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) exhibit unique properties influenced by their size, shape, and dispersion uniformity. They can be synthesized via chemical methods or green synthesis, commonly using plant or microorganism extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. This eco-friendly approach is valued, but the literature is unclear about which taxonomic groups should be targeted to obtain certain types of MNPs. Given the ongoing growth of research in this area, this study offers a comparative overview that helps identify patterns and gaps in the current knowledge. This study reviewed 485 articles, describing 652 monometallic and 10 bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized using photosynthesizing organisms' extracts. Angiosperms and cyanobacteria were the most utilized groups. Silver and gold nanoparticles were the most studied MNPs. Gold nanoparticles' size varied with taxonomic groups, but they were smaller than the silver nanoparticles synthesized by the same group. Antimicrobial activity was the most common application, highlighting the potential of green-synthesized MNPs. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing sustainable nanoparticle production since knowledge about the specificities of different photosynthesizing taxa can be useful for directing efforts and enhancing the efficiency and precision of green-synthesized MNPs.