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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers, unexplained...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Video-rate Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Microendoscopy
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Sampling methods for flexible endoscopes without a working channel: a scoping review.

Yana Halmans1, David Wellenstein1, Joost Hopman2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, P/O Box 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
|April 21, 2025
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Assessing microbiological contamination on flexible endoscopes (FEs) without a working channel is crucial. Immersion, wiping, and swabbing techniques can detect contamination, but further research is needed to determine the optimal method for FEs.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Endoscopy
  • Infection Control

Background:

  • Flexible endoscopes (FEs) without working channels risk contamination during diagnostic laryngoscopy.
  • Microbiological surveillance is vital for ensuring adequate reprocessing of FEs.
  • Current knowledge on the most accurate sampling techniques for FE surface contamination is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of research on sampling techniques for FEs without a working channel.
  • To identify frequently used sampling techniques for microbiological contamination assessment.
  • To determine the most effective method for assessing microbiological contamination on FEs.

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases.
  • Extracted data on sampling techniques and bacterial contamination.
  • Included 12 studies out of 378 initially identified.

Main Results:

  • Immersion, swabbing, and wiping were identified as sampling techniques.
  • Immersion and wiping effectively detected bacterial contamination on FEs.
  • Swabbing showed variable results in detecting contamination, even after disinfection.

Conclusions:

  • Immersion, wiping, and swabbing can detect microbiological contamination on FEs without working channels.
  • Significant gaps exist in the literature regarding optimal sampling techniques.
  • Further research is necessary to establish the best sampling technique(s) for FEs without working channels.