Unveiling the Robustness: Comprehensive Analysis of Plastic Chip Electrode Stability in Diverse Environments

Plastic chip electrode (PCE) is a polymer composite electrode recognized for its scalability, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. PCE features a self-standing structure, bulk conductivity, and a straightforward fabrication process. This multipurpose electrode has been widely used in various applications, including anodic stripping voltammetry, electrocatalysis for water splitting, electrochemical sensors, and electrowinning, often under extreme conditions. Therefore, understanding the stability of PCE across a broad range of conditions is crucial. This study systematically examines the corrosion behaviors and chemical resistance of PCE across the entire pH range (1-14), in seawater (SW) and in industrial effluent (IE). Electrochemical corrosion behaviors were assessed using Tafel polarization studies, while field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was utilized to investigate pitting behaviors and surface morphology. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze surface functionalities to assess the practical applicability of the treated electrodes. The long-term stability of the electrode in seawater, along with its mechanical robustness, has also been evaluated. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the robustness and potential applications of PCE in diverse and challenging environments.