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Tuberculosis Related Movement Disorders: A Systematic Scoping Review Highlighting Geographic Disparities, Phenotypic
Soaham Desai1, Ravi Yadav2, Divyani Garg3
1Department of Neurology, Shree Krishna Hospital Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Anand, India.
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
|April 21, 2025
Summary
Tuberculosis-related movement disorders (TBRMDs) are diverse, often linked to specific brain lesion locations. Early diagnosis and multimodal treatment are crucial for managing these neurological complications of central nervous system TB.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB) is a severe complication.
- Movement disorders are an under-recognized manifestation of CNS TB.
- Knowledge gaps exist regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of TB-related movement disorders (TBRMDs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize existing evidence on TBRMDs.
- To characterize the spectrum of TBRMDs.
- To evaluate diagnostic approaches and summarize management strategies and outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
- Systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases.
- Data extraction, quality assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute tools, and thematic synthesis.
Main Results:
- 36 studies including 91 cases were analyzed.
- Most prevalent disorders: tremor (27.5%), chorea (26.4%), dystonia (16.5%).
- Phenomenology correlated with lesion location (e.g., basal ganglia lesions with chorea/dystonia). Pathogenesis included meningitis, tuberculomas, and vasculitis. Treatment response varied, with 43.9% complete resolution and 32.9% no improvement.
Conclusions:
- TBRMDs present heterogeneously, influenced by lesion location and pathogenesis.
- Early recognition, neuroimaging, and multimodal management are critical.
- Need for consensus criteria and prospective studies, especially in high-burden regions, to improve care and research.
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