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Fabricating Reproducible, Reversible, and High Signal Change Aptasensors with Gold-Modified Nanopipettes.

Ana B Ramirez1, Robert A Lazenby1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Fabrication methods for aptamer-functionalized nanopipettes significantly impact biosensor performance. Synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within nanopipettes offers superior reproducibility and control for label-free molecular detection.

Keywords:
aptamergold nanoparticlesion current rectificationnanopipetteself-assembled monolayersensorsserotonin

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biosensing
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Aptamer-functionalized nanopipettes are advanced biosensors for label-free molecular detection.
  • The influence of fabrication techniques on nanopipette sensor performance is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare three distinct fabrication methods for aptamer immobilization on nanopipettes.
  • To evaluate the impact of fabrication on sensor sensitivity, signal change, reproducibility, and reliability.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of aptamer-functionalized nanopipettes using three methods: in-situ gold nanoparticle (AuNP) synthesis, and two polymer-based coating methods.
  • Characterization of sensor performance, including signal change, reproducibility, and failure analysis.
  • Optimization of AuNP synthesis for controlled particle size and location within nanopipettes.

Main Results:

  • In-situ AuNP synthesis yielded the most reproducible nanopipette sensors with controllable modification.
  • Polymer-based methods suffered from water sensitivity and uneven deposition, leading to inconsistent sensor responses.
  • Smaller nanopipettes (22-30 nm diameter) demonstrated larger signal changes (>40%) when AuNPs were optimally positioned near the tip without blockage.

Conclusions:

  • The fabrication method critically influences aptamer-functionalized nanopipette sensor performance, reproducibility, and reliability.
  • In-situ AuNP synthesis is a promising strategy for developing robust and sensitive nanopipette biosensors.
  • Understanding fabrication-induced failures is key to advancing nanopipette technology for analytical sensing applications.