Exploring Challenges Faced by Adults Living With Celiac Disease: A Food Literacy Perspective

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Gastroenterology
• Public Health

Background:

• Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder managed by a strict gluten-free diet (GFD).
• The GFD necessitates significant lifestyle and dietary adjustments for affected individuals.
• Understanding the challenges related to food literacy (FL) in adults with CD is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the functional, relational, and system food literacy (FL) competencies of adults living with coeliac disease (CD).
• To identify specific challenges encountered by individuals managing a gluten-free diet (GFD).

Main Methods:

• Secondary analysis of data from an online questionnaire distributed to adults with CD in Québec, Canada.
• Utilized the critical incident method to gather qualitative data on negative experiences.
• Content analysis was performed using a deductive and inductive approach based on an adapted Slater Food Literacy framework.

Main Results:

• 743 patients were analyzed, revealing challenges across functional, relational, and system FL themes.
• Difficulties included accessing reliable information, managing social eating, preventing contamination, preparing meals, and making informed choices.
• The GFD negatively impacted the relationship with food and social conviviality, highlighting the need for advocacy for GF food access.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of CD and GFD significantly impacts patients' functional, relational, and system FL competencies.
• Further research is needed to investigate the interplay of social and economic factors with FL in adults with CD.