[Identification and management strategies for postoperative recurrence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma]

Postoperative recurrence is one of the primary factors contributing to the poor prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The recurrence patterns of ICC can be classified into intrahepatic,extrahepatic,and intrahepatic-extrahepatic recurrence,while the timing of recurrence can be categorized as very early,early,and late recurrence. Common risk factors for recurrence include positive surgical margins,lymph node metastasis,multifocality,vascular invasion,large tumor size,and concomitant liver cirrhosis. The key to improving the quality of life for ICC patients with postoperative recurrence lies in the accurate preoperative identification of high-risk populations and the implementation of targeted interventions,as well as the formulation of appropriate treatment strategies based on individual patient conditions after recurrence. Interventions for high-risk populations include standardized neoadjuvant therapy,postoperative adjuvant therapy,and high-frequency follow-up. Re-resection remains the most ideal treatment option for recurrence,although the surgical indications are stringent. Non-surgical treatments,including systemic therapy,local therapy,and supportive care,should be tailored to the specific circumstances of each patient.