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Post-tensioned masonry walls use high-strength steel rods or flexible tendons to enhance the strength and efficiency of masonry structures. These elements are securely anchored to the foundation and extend vertically either within the cores of the masonry units or between the masonry wythes. The construction process involves building the wall with these tensioning elements in place and allowing the mortar to fully cure.
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Masonry walls are subject to slight expansion and contraction due to variations in temperature and moisture. Thermal movement in masonry is relatively straightforward to measure and plan for. On the other hand, moisture movement poses more of a challenge. New clay masonry units typically absorb water and expand over time under normal environmental conditions. Conversely, new concrete masonry units tend to shrink as they lose the excess moisture acquired during their production process.
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Masonry load-bearing walls, constructed from materials like brick, stone, or concrete masonry units, serve as a crucial component in building structures by supporting the loads from floors and roofs and transferring them to the foundation. These walls, known for their compressive strength, can be reinforced or unreinforced to suit different building needs, accommodating both the dead and live loads while maintaining safety through lower working stresses compared to the materials' ultimate...
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Method of Sections: Problem Solving II01:30

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Consider an arbitrary truss structure composed of diagonal, vertical, and horizontal members fixed to the wall. To calculate the force acting on members CB, GB, and GH, method of sections can be used. The loads and lengths of the horizontal and vertical members are known parameters, as shown in the figure.
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Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element01:16

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To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's...
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The shear center of a channel section with uniform thickness, height, and width, is determined by computing the shear force in the member and calculating the moments of inertia of the sections.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
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Study on the evaluation of workface wall stability based on cloud model.

Xichen Zhao1, Weiming Guan2, Jiayi Sun1

  • 1Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830017, Xinjiang, China.

Scientific Reports
|April 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new rating system for coal mine workface wall stability, incorporating expert experience and geological data. The model accurately identified an unstable condition in a test mine, improving safety predictions.

Keywords:
Cloud modelCrack evolutionRib spallingSubjective experienceWall stability identification

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Area of Science:

  • Mining Engineering
  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Conventional methods for predicting workface rib spalling in coal mines suffer from uncertainty and vagueness.
  • Accurate assessment of workface wall stability is crucial for ensuring mine safety and operational efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, quantitative rating system for workface wall stability that integrates subjective experience with objective data.
  • To establish reliable criteria for assessing coal mine wall stability and provide a new analytical approach.

Main Methods:

  • A rating system was constructed considering expert experience, coal mass mechanics, production conditions, and support-rock interactions.
  • Fuzzy factors like crack characteristics and acoustic feedback were analyzed quantitatively.
  • An integrated weighting method (AHP-CRTIC-Game Theory) and a normal cloud model were employed for analysis and level determination.

Main Results:

  • The developed model was applied to Workface 25,221 in a Xinjiang mine, classifying its wall stability as Level III (unstable).
  • This classification aligned with on-site observations, validating the model's scientific accuracy and effectiveness.
  • The study demonstrated a new approach for analyzing workface wall stability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed rating system offers a scientifically valid and effective method for assessing coal mine workface wall stability.
  • This research provides valuable theoretical references and technical support for enhancing coal mine safety management and wall stability control.