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Balancing Infection Risks and Residents Social Activity Preferences: Nursing Home Staff Risk Perceptions.

Melissa McClean1, Nahida Akter2, Kaléi H Kowalchik2

  • 1Organizational Systems and Adult Health Department, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

The Gerontologist
|April 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nursing home staff navigated complex decisions balancing resident social activity preferences with infection control during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their risk perceptions influenced choices, highlighting the need for tailored support.

Keywords:
Activity restrictionsCOVID-19Infection prevention and controlPerson-centered CareRisk attitudes

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Social activities are crucial for nursing home residents' well-being.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic created significant challenges for nursing home staff in managing infection risks while respecting resident preferences for social engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore nursing home staff's experiences and decision-making processes.
  • To understand how staff accommodated resident social activity preferences amidst pandemic restrictions.

Main Methods:

  • Convergent mixed methods approach utilizing quantitative (Risk Propensity Scale, demographics) and qualitative (semistructured interviews) data.
  • 24 nursing home staff members, including certified nursing assistants, activities staff, social workers, and licensed nurses, participated.
  • Data integration focused on linking individual risk perceptions to infection control practices concerning social activities.

Main Results:

  • Staff decision-making was influenced by factors such as family, organizational policies, and individual characteristics.
  • Staff utilized cognitive and technical skills to provide preference-based care while managing infection risks.
  • A majority of staff identified as risk-avoiders (58%).

Conclusions:

  • Nursing home staff exhibit varied risk perceptions influencing their decision-making.
  • Understanding these variations provides insight into staff efforts to balance infection control with resident social needs during public health crises.