The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Preventing Suicidal Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Despite extensive research examining the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and suicide, the extent to which EI can prevent suicidal behaviors remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate this relationship. Study Design: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study.

A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to September 8, 2024. Studies exploring the relationship between mean EI scores and suicidal behaviors were included. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, and the likelihood of publication bias was evaluated using Begg's and Egger's tests. The primary outcome was the standardized mean difference (SMD) in EI scores between individuals with and without suicidal behaviors or ideation using a random-effects model.

Out of 3470 studies initially identified, 10 studies (including 2532 participants) met the eligibility criteria. The results showed that individuals without suicidal attempts had significantly higher overall EI scores than those who did (SMD=0.99; 95% CI: 0.58-1.40; P<0.001). Similarly, individuals without suicidal ideation had significantly higher EI scores (SMD=0.47; 95% CI: 0.13-0.82; P=0.007). No evidence of publication bias was found (P=0.525).

These findings suggest that higher EI is associated with a reduced risk of suicidal ideation and attempts. Incorporating EI into psychological treatments and suicide prevention programs may be beneficial in mitigating suicidal behaviors.