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Red cell substitutes: an update.

S A Gould, L R Sehgal, A L Rosen

    Annals of Emergency Medicine
    |August 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Acellular oxygen carriers like hemoglobin solutions and fluorocarbon emulsions show promise as red blood cell substitutes. Further research is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers for clinical use.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Hematology
    • Resuscitation Medicine

    Background:

    • Red blood cell substitutes are crucial for transfusions.
    • Hemoglobin solutions and fluorocarbon emulsions are leading candidates.
    • Previous studies demonstrated their potential in primate models.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of acellular oxygen carriers as red blood cell substitutes.
    • To assess the viability of hemoglobin solutions and fluorocarbon emulsions.
    • To explore alternative clinical applications for these oxygen carriers.

    Main Methods:

    • Evaluation of hemoglobin solutions and fluorocarbon emulsions in primate models.
    • Assessment of oxygen consumption, CO2 production, and circulatory dynamics.

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  • Review of clinical trial data for Fluosol-DA--20%.

    • Main Results:

    • Both hemoglobin solutions and fluorocarbon emulsions maintained physiological parameters in primates without red blood cells.
    • Fluorocarbon emulsion clinical trials were halted due to lack of efficacy in acute blood loss.
    • A polymerized, pyridoxylated hemoglobin preparation shows normal oxygen-carrying capacity.

    Conclusions:

    • Acellular oxygen carriers can support vital functions, but challenges remain.
    • Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers require further safety and efficacy evaluation before clinical use.
    • Alternative applications for both oxygen carrier types are being investigated.