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Ferritin Fused with MiniSOG for In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy.

Narathip Naradun1, Piyasiri Chueakwon1, Anyanee Kamkaew1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.

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|April 22, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed HFn-miniSOG nanoparticles for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). This fusion protein targets cancer cells overexpressing the human ferritin receptor (TfR1), offering a novel cancer treatment approach.

Keywords:
ferritinminiSOGphotodynamic therapyphotosensitizer proteinprotein nanoparticlessinglet oxygentransferrin receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • Targeted cancer therapies aim to minimize off-target effects compared to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
  • Human ferritin receptor (TfR1) is overexpressed in various cancers, making it a target for drug delivery.
  • Existing drug encapsulation methods for targeted therapy are time-consuming and have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a novel, straightforward approach for targeted cancer therapy.
  • To create a fusion protein, HFn-miniSOG, for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT).
  • To develop self-assembling protein nanoparticles for efficient cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered human ferritin (HFn) fused with mini-singlet oxygen generator (miniSOG).
  • Characterized HFn-miniSOG self-assembly into nanoparticles (average size 22.4 ± 1.3 nm).
  • Assessed singlet oxygen generation upon blue-light activation and evaluated phototoxicity in HepG2 and HeLa cells.

Main Results:

  • HFn-miniSOG nanoparticles efficiently generated singlet oxygen (ΦΔ = 0.30) upon blue-light irradiation.
  • Targeted phototoxicity was observed, with HepG2 cells (high TfR1) showing 63% viability reduction post-irradiation.
  • HeLa cells (lower TfR1) exhibited only 34% viability reduction, demonstrating TfR1-specific targeting.

Conclusions:

  • HFn-miniSOG serves as an effective ALL-IN-ONE protein nanoparticle for targeted PDT.
  • This approach offers a simplified and efficient method for developing targeted cancer therapies.
  • The study highlights the potential of TfR1-targeted protein nanoparticles in cancer treatment.