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Morphological data, phylogenomics and recalcitrant nodes.

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This study reveals that morphological data can significantly influence phylogenomic analyses. Surprisingly small amounts of morphological data are needed to alter evolutionary hypotheses derived from molecular data.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Systematics

Background:

  • Phylogenomic analyses integrate diverse data types, including molecular and morphological information.
  • Branch support metrics like partitioned Bremer support (PBS) and partitioned likelihood support (PLS) quantify data partition contributions to phylogenetic hypotheses.
  • Understanding the relative influence of different data types is crucial for robust phylogenetic inference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution of morphological versus molecular data to phylogenetic node support.
  • To analyze the behavior of branch support metrics (PBS and PLS) in combined analyses.
  • To determine the data threshold required to overturn a phylogenomic hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of phylogenomic and morphological datasets.
  • Calculation and comparison of partitioned Bremer support (PBS) and partitioned likelihood support (PLS) values.
  • Assessment of the ratio of support values between morphological and molecular data partitions.

Main Results:

  • A strong linear correlation was observed between the ratio of morphological to molecular support and the 'flip weight' (the weight of the weaker partition causing a topological change).
  • This relationship allows for the estimation of the amount of morphological data needed to alter a phylogenomic hypothesis.
  • The study found that surprisingly small amounts of morphological data can lead to significant topological shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Morphological data can exert a substantial influence on phylogenomic outcomes, even when molecular data is predominant.
  • The identified linear relationship provides a predictive tool for assessing data congruence and potential topological instability.
  • Future studies should consider the impact of data weighting and partition-specific support in phylogenetic reconstructions.