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Randomized Controlled Study on the Impact of Problem-Based Learning Combined With Large Language Models on Critical

Shi Kejingyun¹, Rao Mingjun

¹Author Affiliations: Guiyang Vocational and Technical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; and Department of Plastic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.

|April 22, 2025

Abstract

Background:

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into nursing education presents a novel approach to enhancing critical thinking skills. This study evaluated the effectiveness of LLM-assisted Problem-Based Learning (PBL) compared to traditional PBL in improving critical thinking skills among nursing students.

Methods:

Participants were randomly assigned to either a traditional PBL group (50 nursing students) or an LLM-integrated PBL group (50 nursing students). The California Critical thinking Skills test was used to assess critical thinking skills.

Results:

The LLM-integrated PBL group showed a more pronounced increase (0.60 points) in critical thinking skills compared to the PBL group (0.50 points, p < .01). A notable difference was observed in inductive reasoning skills between the PBL group and the LLM-integrated PBL group ( p < .01).

Conclusion:

This study provides empirical evidence supporting the use of LLM-assisted PBL as an effective educational strategy in nursing education.

Keywords:

artificial intelligence critical thinking problem-based learning randomized controlled trial

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