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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
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High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum
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Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy and polyneuropathy.

Partha Sahu1, Nivedita Sharma2, Prasan Kumar Panda3

  • 1General Medicine (ID Division), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

BMJ Case Reports
|April 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Metronidazole can cause severe neurological side effects like peripheral neuropathy and encephalopathy, particularly with high doses or long-term use. Promptly stopping the medication can lead to significant symptom improvement.

Keywords:
Drugs and medicinesInfectionsNeurology (drugs and medicines)

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Metronidazole is an effective antibiotic, but prolonged or high-dose therapy can lead to serious side effects.
  • Metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity, including peripheral neuropathy and encephalopathy, can be debilitating.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of severe neurological sequelae following metronidazole treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of a middle-aged man treated with high-dose metronidazole for a liver abscess.
  • Neurological assessment included nerve conduction studies (NCS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Main Results:

  • The patient developed dysarthria, ataxic gait, and sensory loss consistent with peripheral neuropathy.
  • NCS confirmed axonal neuropathy, and MRI showed T2/FLAIR hyperintensities indicative of toxic encephalopathy.
  • Symptoms significantly improved after discontinuing metronidazole.

Conclusions:

  • High-dose or prolonged metronidazole therapy can cause severe neurological damage, including peripheral neuropathy and encephalopathy.
  • Clinicians should maintain vigilance for neurotoxicity in patients receiving long-term or high-dose metronidazole.
  • Early recognition and cessation of metronidazole are crucial for symptom recovery.