The role of corroles in modern cancer therapy: innovation and prospects

Corroles, a class of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, have garnered significant attention for their potential in cancer therapy due to their unique structural chemistry and ability to coordinate with metals. Their remarkable photophysical properties make them beneficial for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence imaging, as they can produce reactive oxygen species when activated by light, offering potential for the treatment of various carcinomas, including hepatic, breast, pancreatic, and lung cancers. Despite the encouraging preclinical and clinical data supporting their therapeutic efficacy, challenges remain in optimizing corrole formulations, particularly concerning targeted delivery, stability, and bioavailability. This review highlights current advancements in corrole-based therapies, focusing on novel nanoparticle formulations that enhance drug distribution and therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, it examines the mechanisms of corrole-mediated cellular death and the role of photodynamic treatment in inducing apoptosis via various signaling pathways. Additional research is necessary to address formulation-related issues while ensuring the safety and effectiveness of corroles in cancer treatment, therefore maximizing their therapeutic potential and adhering to regulatory standards.