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Published on: November 7, 2020
Association Between Occupational Stress and Mental Health in Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Pandemic in
Keiko Wataya1,2, Hirokazu Tachikawa3, Kiyotaka Nemoto4
1Department of Nursing, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, JPN.
Insights
Healthcare workers experienced significant job stressors during COVID-19, impacting mental health. Addressing interpersonal conflicts and workload is crucial for supporting healthcare professionals
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Psychiatry
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread mental health decline among healthcare workers.
- Limited research explored the link between occupational stress and mental health in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- This study identified specific job stressors contributing to mental health issues in healthcare professionals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify job stressors associated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- To analyze the impact of occupational stress on the mental well-being of frontline healthcare professionals.
- To provide evidence-based recommendations for supporting healthcare worker mental health during infectious disease outbreaks.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study conducted from May 2020 to January 2021.
- Involved 204 healthcare workers at a COVID-19-treating hospital.
- Utilized validated questionnaires: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ).
Main Results:
- Job stressors varied across mental health outcomes: interpersonal conflicts and job fitness linked to depression.
- Job overload and interpersonal conflicts correlated with anxiety symptoms.
- Job overload and low job control were significantly associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Mental health support strategies for healthcare workers during epidemics must be individualized based on stress responses.
- Mitigating interpersonal conflicts and reducing job overload are key to supporting healthcare worker mental health.
- Workplace interventions should focus on improving interpersonal relationships and managing workloads to enhance psychological well-being.
Abstract:
Background During the coronavirus pandemic in 2019, deterioration of mental health was reported among healthcare workers. However, few studies have examined the relationship between healthcare workers' mental health and occupational stress in healthcare settings during the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to identify job stressors associated with mental health issues among healthcare workers. Methods The study was conducted from May 2020 to January 2021. We analyzed the impact of job stressors on mental health issues using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire in 204 healthcare workers working at a hospital treating patients with COVID-19. Results The results indicate that job stressors affecting depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress differed. High total Interpersonal Conflicts and Job Fitness stress scores were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (Interpersonal Conflicts OR:1.77; 95% CI:1.15-2.70; p = 0.001, Job Fitness OR:1.84; 95% CI:1.05-3.23; p = 0.04). High total Job Overload and Interpersonal Conflicts stress scores were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms (Job Overload OR:1.76; 95% CI:1.06-2.93; p = 0.003, Interpersonal Conflicts OR1.90; 95% CI:1.09-3.31; p = 0.002). High total Job Overload and Job Control stress scores were significantly associated with post-traumatic stress (Job Overload OR1.37; 95% CI:1.01-1.85; p = 0.04, Job Control OR1.69; 95%CI:1.17-2.43; p < 0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest that strategies addressing job stressors to maintain or improve mental health during an infectious disease epidemic should be tailored to individual stress responses. Additionally, the results indicate that maintaining positive interpersonal relationships in the workplace and reducing workload are particularly important for supporting mental health among healthcare workers.
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