Structural diversity and biological activities of terpenoids derived from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f

Terpenoids, a heterogeneous group of natural products, have garnered considerable attention in the field of drug discovery. This is attributed to their vast diversity, intricate structural features, and extensive biological activities. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., a traditional medicinal plant with widespread application in East Asia, is particularly enriched in terpenoids, which can be classified into sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and triterpenoids. The present review provides a comprehensive elaboration of the chemical structures and biological activities of 217 terpenoids isolated from T. wilfordii. The purpose is to shed light on their potential in pharmacological research and to stimulate innovative drug discovery as well as clinical applications. These terpenoids display a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antitumor, anti - inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and other therapeutic effects. Nevertheless, their clinical application is impeded by issues related to toxicity and poor bioavailability. Future research efforts should be concentrated on exploring effective strategies to alleviate toxicity and enhance drug delivery systems. In addition, in - depth investigation into the structure-activity relationships and the identification of new active constituents are crucial for the development of more potent and safer drugs. This review serves as an exhaustive reference for the discovery and development of novel drugs based on the natural active products of T. wilfordii, providing valuable insights and guidance for researchers in the relevant field.