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Updated: May 10, 2025

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Comparative urine proteomic study involving papillary thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid nodules.

Lilong Wei1, Rui Xiao2, Zhengguang Guo3

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|April 23, 2025
PubMed
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Urine proteomics can distinguish benign thyroid nodules from papillary thyroid carcinomas. Researchers identified specific proteins, including Semaphorin-6D, as potential biomarkers for diagnosing thyroid cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Thyroid Cancer Diagnostics

Background:

  • Accurate differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid lesions is crucial for effective patient treatment.
  • Current diagnostic methods may require invasive procedures or lack definitive accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in urine proteomic profiles between papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and benign thyroid nodules (BTNs).
  • To identify potential urinary protein biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of PTCs and BTNs.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative proteomic analysis of 155 urine specimens (30 PTC, 31 BTN) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
  • Validation of protein alterations in independent MS and ELISA cohorts.
  • Assessment of diagnostic performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Keywords:
benign thyroid nodulesthyroid papillary carcinomaurinary disease markersurineurine proteomics

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Main Results:

  • Over 2,400 proteins were quantified; 169 proteins were significantly increased and 27 decreased in PTCs compared to BTNs.
  • More than 100 proteins demonstrated high diagnostic value (Area Under the Curve >0.8) in MS validation.
  • Semaphorin-6D showed promising diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.763) in ELISA validation.

Conclusions:

  • Urine proteomics is a viable tool for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid diseases.
  • Semaphorin-6D is a potential urinary biomarker for thyroid cancer, warranting further large-scale validation.
  • The study identified novel protein candidates for future biomarker development in thyroid cancer diagnostics.