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Antibiotic resistance in plastisphere.

Sung Hee Joo1,2, Katrina Knauer2, Chunming Su3

  • 1Department of Engineering & Engineering Technology, College of Aerospace, Computing, Engineering, and Design, Metropolitan State University of Denver, CO, USA.

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Summary

The plastisphere, microbial life on plastic debris, acts as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Plastic properties and transformation significantly influence ARGs and ARB proliferation in aquatic ecosystems.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistance genesAntibiotic-resistant bacteriaBiofilmMicro-/nanoplasticsMicrobial communitiesPlastic transformation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Aquatic ecology
  • Antimicrobial resistance

Background:

  • Plastic debris in aquatic ecosystems hosts microbial communities, termed the plastisphere.
  • The plastisphere is recognized as a potential reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB).
  • Limited understanding exists regarding how plastic properties, biofilms, and transformation influence ARGs and ARB dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of plastic properties on ARGs and ARB.
  • To assess the role of biofilms in enriching ARGs and ARB on plastic surfaces.
  • To explore the impact of plastic transformation on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microbial communities on plastic debris.
  • Quantification of ARGs and ARB associated with different plastic types and ages.
  • Investigation of biofilm formation and its effect on AR gene abundance.
  • Evaluation of microplastic (MP) transformation and its correlation with antibiotic resistance (AR) spread.

Main Results:

  • Microplastic surfaces promote the proliferation of antibiotic resistance (AR).
  • Aged microplastics show increased toxicity due to enhanced adsorption-desorption of AR.
  • Plastic transformation is correlated with the dissemination of AR in aquatic environments.
  • Biofilms contribute to the enrichment of ARGs and ARB on plastic debris.

Conclusions:

  • Plastic debris, particularly transformed microplastics, plays a significant role in the proliferation and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in aquatic ecosystems.
  • Minimizing microplastic release into the environment and improving sewage treatment are crucial for preventing AR spread.
  • Future research should focus on the interface mechanisms between transformed microplastics, antibiotics, and contaminants, alongside property changes and toxicity evaluations.