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The association between ABO blood type and outcomes following sudden cardiac arrest: a multicenter observational
Jiun-Wei Chen1, Ren-Jie Tsai1, Cheng-Yi Fan1,2
1Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Insights
ABO blood type does not impact survival in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) patients. However, individuals with blood type AB show better neurological recovery compared to blood type O.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hematology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- ABO blood type is linked to various disease outcomes.
- The association between ABO blood type and outcomes in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) patients is not well-established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between ABO blood type and neurological and survival outcomes in adult out-of-hospital SCA patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 1,115 adult out-of-hospital SCA patients.
- Examined sociodemographic data, comorbidities, resuscitation events, and blood type.
- Multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
- Neurological outcomes assessed using the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in blood type distribution between survivors and non-survivors.
- No significant association between ABO blood type and survival.
- Blood type AB patients had a higher probability of good neurological outcomes (CPC 1-2) compared to blood type O (aOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.02-3.83).
- Sensitivity analysis in aseptic etiology subgroup confirmed higher likelihood of good neurological outcomes for blood type AB (aOR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.12-4.35).
Conclusions:
- ABO blood type is not associated with survival in SCA patients.
- Blood type AB is linked to improved neurological outcomes compared to blood type O in SCA patients.
Background:
ABO blood type has been associated with various disease outcomes, but its relationship with outcomes in patients with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains unexplored.
Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with SCA treated at three major branches of the National Taiwan University Hospital between January 2016 and July 2023. The variables examined for their possible influence on the neurological and survival outcomes of patients with SCA were sociodemographic characteristics, pre-existing diseases, resuscitation events, and blood type. The results of a multivariable logistic regression were reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Neurological outcomes were determined by the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale at hospital discharge.
Results:
No significant differences were found in the prevalence of each blood type between those who survived and those who did not or between those with good (CPC 1-2) or poor (CPC 3-5) neurological outcomes. There was no significant association between survival and blood type; however, patients with blood type AB had a higher probability of good neurological outcomes than those with blood type O (aOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.02-3.83, p = 0.042). A sensitivity analysis of the data from patients with aseptic etiologies also showed a significantly higher likelihood of good neurological outcomes among those with blood type AB (aOR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.12-4.35, p = 0.023).
Conclusion:
ABO blood type is not associated with survival in patients with SCA, but blood type AB is associated with better neurological outcomes than type O.
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