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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

32
An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
32
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

24
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
24
Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

37
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
37
Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow01:24

Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow

45
The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
Purpose and Procedure
Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...
45
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

29
Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
29
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

35
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
35

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Readmission Events Following EGD for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed: An Analysis Using the National Readmission

Vignesh Krishnan Nagesh1, Vivek Joseph Varughese2, Jaber Musalli1

  • 1Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, 7600 River Rd, North Bergen, NJ 07047, USA.

Medical Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (UGIB) readmissions are common after Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), often due to recurrent bleeding. Key risk factors include cirrhosis and untreated H. pylori, necessitating targeted post-discharge care.

Keywords:
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)mortalitynational readmission database (NRD)upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB)variceal bleed

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (UGIB) is a significant health concern with high incidence and mortality.
  • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is standard for UGIB diagnosis and treatment, but post-discharge outcomes require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine 30-day readmission rates following EGD for UGIB.
  • To identify demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors associated with UGIB readmissions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the 2021 National Readmission Database (NRD).
  • Inclusion of adult patients (≥18 years) admitted for UGIB and undergoing EGD, excluding in-hospital deaths.
  • Multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of readmission.

Main Results:

  • A 32.4% 30-day readmission rate was observed among 34,257 patients, with 49% due to recurrent UGIB.
  • Readmitted patients were older and had higher rates of cirrhosis.
  • Significant predictors of readmission included cirrhosis, untreated H. pylori, atrial fibrillation, chronic antithrombotic therapy, and lower socioeconomic status.

Conclusions:

  • Readmission after EGD for UGIB is frequent, primarily driven by recurrent bleeding.
  • Cirrhosis, untreated H. pylori, atrial fibrillation, and anticoagulation are critical risk factors.
  • Targeted interventions and optimized post-discharge management are crucial for reducing readmissions and improving outcomes.