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Multi-Omics Approaches Against Abiotic and Biotic Stress-A Review
Venkatramanan Varadharajan1, Radhika Rajendran2, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam3,4
1Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641004, India.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 23, 2025
Summary
Multi-omics approaches integrate diverse data to understand plant stress responses. This helps identify targets for improving crop resilience against environmental challenges like drought and pests.
Area of Science:
- Plant Science
- Computational Biology
- Genomics
Background:
- Plants are vulnerable to abiotic stresses (UV radiation, temperature extremes, salinity, drought) and biotic stresses (insects, fungi, weeds).
- These environmental stressors significantly reduce crop productivity and impact plant health at molecular, cellular, and developmental levels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of multi-omics computational approaches in understanding plant stress responses.
- To highlight strategies for enhancing plant resilience through genetic engineering and breeding.
Main Methods:
- Integration of multiple omics data layers, including proteomics, metabolomics, ionomics, interactomics, and phenomics.
- Decoding gene regulation and transcriptional networks to understand stress tolerance mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Multi-omics approaches facilitate the characterization of the plant's biomolecular pool for homeostasis and signaling.
- Identification of regulatory networks and pathway maps for improving plant resistance.
- Revealed critical mechanisms of stress tolerance and the role of secondary metabolites.
Conclusions:
- Advanced multi-omics strategies are crucial for understanding the molecular basis of plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
- Genome editing tools show promise for enhancing crop resilience against various environmental stressors.
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