Recent Advances in the Development and Efficacy of Anti-Cancer Vaccines-A Narrative Review
Kajetan Kiełbowski1,2, Paulina Plewa1, Jan Zadworny1
1Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Abstract:
Immunotherapy is an established and efficient treatment strategy for a variety of malignancies. It aims to boost the anticancer properties of one's own immune system. Several immunotherapeutic options are available, but immune checkpoint blockers represent the most widely known and investigated. Anticancer vaccines represent an evolving area of immunotherapy that stimulate antigen-presenting cells, cytotoxic responses of CD8+ T cells, and the presence of memory T cells, among others. Over the years, different approaches for anticancer vaccines have been studied, such as mRNA and DNA vaccines, together with dendritic cell- and viral vector-based vaccines. Recently, an accumulating number of clinical studies have been performed to analyze the safety and potential efficacy of these agents. The aim of this review is to summarize recent advances regarding different types of therapeutic anticancer vaccines. Furthermore, it will discuss how recent advances in preclinical models can enhance clinical outcomes.
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