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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

237
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
237
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
4.9K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

4.9K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
4.9K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

397
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

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Viral Vector-Based Cancer Vaccines.

Kenneth Lundstrom1

  • 1PanTherapeutics, Lutry, Switzerland.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral vectors, including adenoviruses and lentiviruses, are effective vaccine delivery systems for cancer. These viral vectors show promise in preclinical and clinical studies for cancer vaccine development.

Keywords:
Cancer vaccinesClinical evaluationImmunotherapyOncolytic virusesPreclinical modelsTumor-associated antigensViral vectors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Viral vectors are extensively utilized as delivery vehicles for vaccines.
  • Both DNA and RNA viruses have been engineered for vaccine development.
  • Various viral platforms, including adenoviruses (Ad), adeno-associated viruses (AAV), and lentiviruses (LV), have been employed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe model viral vector systems for cancer vaccine development.
  • To highlight the applications of viral vectors in cancer immunotherapy.
  • To review the use of viral vectors in both prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccination strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing diverse viral vectors such as adenoviruses, AAV, herpes simplex viruses, lentiviruses, alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles viruses, rhabdoviruses, Newcastle disease virus, poxviruses, and picornaviruses.
  • Engineering viral vectors to express tumor-associated antigens and immunostimulatory genes.
  • Employing oncolytic viruses for direct therapeutic effects.

Main Results:

  • Established prophylactic and therapeutic proof-of-concept in preclinical animal tumor models.
  • Demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials involving human cancer patients.
  • Showcased the versatility of viral vectors in diverse cancer vaccine approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Viral vectors represent a powerful platform for developing innovative cancer vaccines.
  • The application of viral vectors has shown significant promise in preclinical and clinical cancer research.
  • Further development of viral vector-based cancer vaccines is warranted to improve patient outcomes.