Blood Source and Anesthetics Effects on the Maintenance of Anopheles darlingi in the Lab-Rearing Condition

Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes are the main malaria vectors in the Amazon region and play a significant role in the high transmission cycle of Plasmodium vivax, particularly in areas undergoing degradation of the Amazon. Establishing an An. darlingi colony under laboratory conditions allows for critical studies on this vector, including insecticide resistance, vector competence, and the development of new tools for controlling vivax malaria. However, the establishment of mass-rearing mosquito colonies has proven challenging, with success being heavily dependent on supporting their reproduction. A key factor in this process is finding the most efficient blood source for feeding. Here, we evaluated the reproductive potential of An. darlingi using different blood feeding methods and sources. First, we assessed the effect of anesthesia on reproductive potential by comparing anesthetized mosquitoes with those that were physically restrained. Next, we assessed the best blood source using both direct and indirect blood feeding methods, the latter involving an artificial feeding system. The blood sources tested included from rabbits, chickens, mice, bovines, and humans. In the anesthesia tests, no significant differences in the evaluated biological parameters were observed between anesthetized or non-anesthetized groups. Similarly, no significant differences were detected in the biological parameters assessed for each blood source, regardless of whether the feeding was direct or indirect. Because all blood sources proved effective, the practicality of obtaining and maintaining blood becomes a crucial factor. In this regard, bovine blood emerged as an effective and practical alternative for maintaining an An. darlingi colony under laboratory conditions.