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Multi-domain intervention program on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: Pilot study.

Rosalinda Sánchez-Arenas1, Israel Grijalva2, Leticia Manuel-Apolinar3

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A new 3-component intervention improved subjective memory function (SMC) and objective cognitive function (OCF) in older adults more effectively than a sports program. This cognitive training offers a promising approach to maintaining brain health.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is a growing concern in aging populations.
  • Aerobic-cognitive training and educational programs are emerging interventions.
  • Effective strategies are needed to maintain cognitive function in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare a multidomain intervention with a sports program for older adults.
  • To assess effects on objective cognitive function (OCF), subjective memory function (SMC), and other cognitive/psychological measures.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a novel 3-component program for cognitive health.

Main Methods:

  • A non-randomized study compared a 24-week multidomain intervention (aerobics, cognitive exercises, education) with a 24-week sports program (control).
  • Participants were independent older adults.
  • Outcomes included OCF, SMC, frontal assessment battery, cognitive reserve, depression, anxiety, and stress, analyzed using relative risk and ANCOVA.

Main Results:

  • The intervention group showed positive trends in OCF, SMC, and neuropsychological symptoms, unlike the control group.
  • The multidomain intervention significantly improved SMC (RR: 0.5; 95%CI 0.4-0.8).
  • The control group experienced a significant decrease in OCF compared to the intervention group [F(1) = 8.4; p = 0.009; դp = 0.30].

Conclusions:

  • The 3-component intervention demonstrated greater effectiveness than the control program.
  • The findings suggest the multidomain program enhances both subjective memory and objective cognitive function in older adults.
  • This program represents a promising strategy for mitigating cognitive decline in aging populations.