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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
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A phase division-based multi-segment foot model for estimating dynamic foot arch stiffness during walking.

Chenhao Liu1, Jingang Yi2, Long He3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Plos One
|April 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The human foot arch

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Locomotion
  • Foot Arch Dynamics

Background:

  • The foot arch is crucial for weight-bearing and gait balance.
  • Previous research primarily examined static or quasi-dynamic foot arch stiffness.
  • The dynamic variation of arch stiffness throughout the gait cycle remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic changes in medial longitudinal arch stiffness during the entire walking gait cycle.
  • To develop and validate a novel multi-segment foot model for analyzing foot arch dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • A phase-division-based multi-segment foot model incorporating plantar aponeurosis tension was developed.
  • Kinematics and ground reaction forces were recorded from 10 healthy adults during walking.
  • Linear stiffness of the foot arch was calculated throughout the stance phase.

Main Results:

  • The foot arch exhibits a stiff-compliant-stiff-compliant stiffness transition during each stance phase.
  • An exceptionally low stiffness was observed during the plantar contact phase.
  • Model accuracy was indirectly validated by comparing results with existing studies.

Conclusions:

  • This study introduces a new method for analyzing dynamic foot arch stiffness variations during walking.
  • The developed multi-segment foot model offers a novel approach to foot dynamics analysis.
  • The model has potential applications in wearable sensing, assistive device design, and biomechanical research.