Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

6.0K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
6.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Do people feel safe in a robot's presence?

Science robotics·2026
Same author

Shape-morphing metamaterials with continuous relearning.

Science robotics·2026
Same author

Designing microrobots with embodied physical intelligence.

Science robotics·2026
Same author

Origami-inspired grasper for safe tissue manipulation.

Science robotics·2026
Same author

Grasshopper-inspired wing design improves gliding performance.

Science robotics·2026
Same author

Lightweight haptic ring delivers high force feedback.

Science robotics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Cardiac Muscle-cell Based Actuator and Self-stabilizing Biorobot - PART 1
11:22

Cardiac Muscle-cell Based Actuator and Self-stabilizing Biorobot - PART 1

Published on: July 11, 2017

8.0K

Biohybrid robot contracts like the human iris.

Melisa Yashinski1

  • 1Science Robotics, AAAS, Washington, DC 20005, USA.

Science Robotics
|April 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers patterned planar muscle layers to create biohybrid robots with controllable muscle activity. This advancement enables novel applications in robotics and biomedical engineering.

More Related Videos

Cardiac Muscle Cell-based Actuator and Self-stabilizing Biorobot - Part 2
09:33

Cardiac Muscle Cell-based Actuator and Self-stabilizing Biorobot - Part 2

Published on: May 9, 2017

8.7K
Bioinspired Soft Robot with Incorporated Microelectrodes
08:24

Bioinspired Soft Robot with Incorporated Microelectrodes

Published on: February 28, 2020

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Cardiac Muscle-cell Based Actuator and Self-stabilizing Biorobot - PART 1
11:22

Cardiac Muscle-cell Based Actuator and Self-stabilizing Biorobot - PART 1

Published on: July 11, 2017

8.0K
Cardiac Muscle Cell-based Actuator and Self-stabilizing Biorobot - Part 2
09:33

Cardiac Muscle Cell-based Actuator and Self-stabilizing Biorobot - Part 2

Published on: May 9, 2017

8.7K
Bioinspired Soft Robot with Incorporated Microelectrodes
08:24

Bioinspired Soft Robot with Incorporated Microelectrodes

Published on: February 28, 2020

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biohybrid robotics
  • Tissue engineering
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Biohybrid robots leverage biological components for unique functionalities.
  • Controllable muscle activity is crucial for advanced robotic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the patterning of planar muscle layers for biohybrid robot applications.
  • To achieve unique and controllable muscle activity in biohybrid robots.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of planar muscle layers.
  • Integration of patterned muscle tissue into robotic structures.
  • Assessment of muscle-driven actuation and control.

Main Results:

  • Successful patterning of functional planar muscle layers.
  • Demonstration of unique and controllable muscle activity in biohybrid robots.
  • Validation of the approach for robotic locomotion and manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • Patterning planar muscle layers is a viable strategy for creating advanced biohybrid robots.
  • This method offers a pathway to robots with biologically inspired, controllable movement.
  • Future work can explore more complex muscle architectures and functionalities.