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Changes of posture during transient perturbations in microgravity.

G Clément, V S Gurfinkel, F Lestienne

    Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
    |July 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    A 7-day spaceflight minimally impacted posture control and arm movements. However, leg muscle reflexes were significantly reduced in microgravity compared to Earth, with vision playing a key role initially.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human physiology
    • Space medicine
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Understanding human adaptation to microgravity is crucial for long-duration space missions.
    • Previous research indicates significant sensorimotor changes occur in space.
    • Investigating postural control and arm movement provides insights into neuroplasticity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the control of goal-directed arm movement and body stability.
    • To assess changes in postural muscle activity before, during, and after a 7-day spaceflight.
    • To determine the role of vision and leg muscle reflexes in maintaining posture in microgravity.

    Main Methods:

    • Subjects performed tasks involving arm movement and postural control on a rotating or fixed platform.

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  • Electromyography was used to record postural muscle activity.
  • Kinematic data were collected to analyze body segment trajectories.
  • Postural perturbations were induced by unexpected foot support displacements.

    • Main Results:

    • Anticipatory and compensatory postural muscle activities were reproducible during the initial spaceflight days.
    • The sequence of postural activities in microgravity mirrored ground-based conditions.
    • A 7-day microgravity exposure did not cause major changes in overall posture.
    • Leg muscle reflexes to support displacements were significantly reduced compared to Earth.
    • Vision appeared critical for standing posture control early in the mission.

    Conclusions:

    • Short-duration spaceflight has a limited impact on the fundamental control of posture and arm movement.
    • Reduced leg muscle reflex amplitudes in microgravity highlight altered sensorimotor processing.
    • Vision's role in postural control may be heightened in the initial phase of spaceflight.
    • Further research is needed to understand long-term adaptations and countermeasures.