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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

291
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Brain Imaging01:14

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Structural brain network in relation to language in school-aged extremely preterm children: A diffusion tensor

M Boumeester1, E Blom2, T Boerma3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Neuroimage. Clinical
|April 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children born extremely preterm often have language difficulties. This study found they use compensatory brain pathways, mainly in the left hemisphere, to process language, even without obvious brain injury.

Keywords:
ConnectivityDiffusion weighted imagingLanguage developmentNetwork based statisticsPrematurity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Preterm birth is linked to language deficits in school-aged children.
  • Neural mechanisms underlying language difficulties in preterm children are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural language network in extremely preterm children aged 8-12 years.
  • To identify brain areas and white matter connections associated with language outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and tractography were used to assess brain connectivity in 58 extremely preterm children.
  • Language performance was evaluated using the CELF-4-NL Recalling Sentences subtest.

Main Results:

  • 22% of children had below-average language scores.
  • Language outcomes significantly correlated with a left-hemisphere dominant subnetwork including frontal, temporal, and subcortical regions.
  • Compensatory pathways involving adjacent brain areas were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Extremely preterm children utilize a structural language network primarily in the left hemisphere, similar to typically developing peers.
  • They may employ compensatory neural pathways involving brain regions near typical language areas.
  • Language difficulties in this population are not always directly linked to perinatal brain injury.