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Lunar primitive mantle olivine returned by Chang'e-6.

Si-Zhang Sheng1, Shui-Jiong Wang2,3, Qiu-Li Li4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China.

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Primitive lunar olivines found by the Chang

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Area of Science:

  • Lunar Science
  • Planetary Geology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • The lunar mantle holds crucial insights into the Moon's formation and early differentiation.
  • Understanding lunar mantle composition is key to reconstructing the Moon's thermal and magmatic evolution.
  • The South Pole-Aitken Basin is a scientifically significant region for lunar exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize primitive lunar olivines from the Chang'e-6 mission samples.
  • To investigate the origin and implications of high-nickel olivines found in lunar soils.
  • To contribute to unraveling the Moon's formation and early differentiation processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of oxygen isotopic compositions of lunar olivines.
  • Determination of forsterite and nickel abundances in olivines.
  • Comparison of olivine compositions with terrestrial and lunar magma ocean models.

Main Results:

  • Primitive lunar olivines with high forsterite content (up to 95.6) were identified.
  • Olivines exhibit a wide range of nickel abundances (0-682 ppm).
  • High-nickel olivines (337-682 ppm) suggest a distinct origin, potentially from the early Lunar Magma Ocean or an unrecognized ultra-magnesian lava.

Conclusions:

  • The identified olivines provide new constraints on lunar mantle composition and evolution.
  • The high-nickel olivines may represent the earliest crystallized olivine from the Lunar Magma Ocean or products of extensive LMO cumulate melting.
  • Entrainment in high-Mg lavas facilitated the exposure of these mantle olivines at the surface in the South Pole-Aitken Basin.