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The sphenomandibularis shown on P45 sheet plastination and dissection
Qian Zhang1,2, Fei-Fei Li3, Xi-Da Ma4
1Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
Scientific Reports
|April 24, 2025
Summary
This study clarifies the existence and distinct anatomical features of the sphenomandibularis (SM) muscle. Combining gross anatomy and plastination techniques, it provides the first detailed description of this potentially independent masticatory muscle.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Morphology
- Human Anatomy
Background:
- The temporalis muscle (TM) has historically been described with multiple bellies.
- The sphenomandibularis (SM) has been proposed as a distinct muscle, but its existence and characteristics remain debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To clarify the existence and anatomical characteristics of the sphenomandibularis (SM).
- To provide a detailed description of the SM using combined anatomical methods.
Main Methods:
- Dissection of 14 formaldehyde-fixed and 6 fresh-frozen human cadaver heads.
- Vascular casting in 10 cases.
- Analysis of 15 sets of P45 sheet-plastinated sections (coronal, sagittal, horizontal planes).
Main Results:
- The sphenomandibularis (SM) muscle exhibits distinct anatomical features.
- This strip-like muscle originates from the sphenoid bone and inserts onto the mandible.
- This study presents the first detailed description of the SM using gross anatomy and P45 sheet plastination.
Conclusions:
- The sphenomandibularis (SM) is identified as a distinct anatomical entity.
- Its unique location has implications for understanding the maxillary nerve, pterygopalatine fossa, and masticatory system.
- The name Sphenomandibularis is recommended for clarity and distinction from the temporalis muscle (TM).
