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Schistosomiasis with Pericardial Effusion
Elaf Khalid Bajameel1, Arifa Jamal2, Asem Osama Banjar2
1Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|April 24, 2025
Summary
This case study highlights a rare pericardial effusion complication in schistosomiasis. Early diagnosis and treatment with praziquantel improved patient outcomes, even with negative initial tests.
Area of Science:
- Tropical Medicine
- Parasitology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Schistosomiasis is a significant parasitic disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.
- The genus *Schistosoma* causes schistosomiasis, affecting millions globally.
- Complications of schistosomiasis can be severe and varied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a case of schistosomiasis with pericardial effusion.
- To emphasize diagnostic considerations in endemic areas.
- To illustrate effective management strategies.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a young male with symptoms including fever, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal distress.
- Diagnostic imaging revealed hepatosplenomegaly and pericardial effusion.
- Treatment involved praziquantel and prednisolone.
Main Results:
- Despite negative stool and blood cultures, clinical presentation and travel history led to a schistosomiasis diagnosis.
- The patient showed significant clinical improvement after treatment.
- Follow-up echocardiogram confirmed complete resolution of pericardial effusion.
Conclusions:
- Pericardial effusion is a rare but critical complication of schistosomiasis, especially with respiratory symptoms.
- A negative stool culture should not exclude schistosomiasis in high-suspicion cases with relevant travel history.
- Prompt diagnosis and management, including praziquantel and steroids, are crucial for favorable patient outcomes.
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