Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

27.6K
Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
27.6K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

397
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
397
Pain01:20

Pain

399
Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
399
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

7.2K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
7.2K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

1.3K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.3K
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

1.6K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Does Fermentation Enhance Beverage Safety? Kombucha's Resistance to Microbial Invasion Suggests a Protective Role.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Applying multilevel selection to understand cancer evolution and progression.

PLoS biology·2025
Same author

Association between national action and trends in antibiotic resistance: an analysis of 73 countries from 2000 to 2023.

PLOS global public health·2025
Same author

Correction: Upregulation of DNA repair genes and cell extrusion underpin the remarkable radiation resistance of Trichoplax adhaerens.

PLoS biology·2025
Same author

<i>Tethya wilhelma</i> (Porifera) Is Highly Resistant to Radiation Exposure and Possibly Cancer.

Biology·2025
Same author

Author Correction: Prosocial reputation and stress among contemporary hunter-gatherers: the Hadza case.

Scientific reports·2024
Same journal

Meeting Report on the Assisted Gene Flow and Climate Change Responses Workshop, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, CA, USA, 5-7 March 2025.

Evolutionary applications·2026
Same journal

Incorporating Population Genomic Perspectives Into Kelp Conservation and Aquaculture in the Pacific Northwest.

Evolutionary applications·2026
Same journal

Multidisciplinary Evaluation of a 10-Year Restoration Program for Two Endangered Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Populations.

Evolutionary applications·2026
Same journal

Tuberculosis Susceptibility and Inbreeding Depression Hinder <i>Ex Situ</i> Conservation in a Critically Endangered Rainforest Bird.

Evolutionary applications·2026
Same journal

Altitude-Associated Divergence of the Gut Microbiome in Endangered Forest Musk Deer: Evidence From Integrated Metagenomics, Metabolomics, and Culturomics.

Evolutionary applications·2026
Same journal

Evolutionary Footprint: A Systemic Indicator in Evolution, Ecology and Conservation.

Evolutionary applications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

The Sciatic Nerve Cuffing Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
07:09

The Sciatic Nerve Cuffing Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice

Published on: July 16, 2014

48.0K

Neuroimmune Pain and Its Manipulation by Pathogens.

Kevin W Lozo1, Athena Aktipis2,3, Joe Alcock4

  • 1University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.

Evolutionary Applications
|April 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pathogens and parasites manipulate pain signaling pathways, impacting host immunity and infection outcomes. Understanding this neuroimmune crosstalk is crucial for developing new treatments for pain and infectious diseases.

Keywords:
adaptationevolutionary arms racemanipulationnociceptionopioidspainpain sensitizationpathogen

More Related Videos

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management
09:02

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management

Published on: March 28, 2025

262
Modified Spared Nerve Injury Surgery Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
04:34

Modified Spared Nerve Injury Surgery Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2022

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2025

The Sciatic Nerve Cuffing Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
07:09

The Sciatic Nerve Cuffing Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice

Published on: July 16, 2014

48.0K
Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management
09:02

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management

Published on: March 28, 2025

262
Modified Spared Nerve Injury Surgery Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
04:34

Modified Spared Nerve Injury Surgery Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2022

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Microbial Pathogenesis
  • Pain Signaling

Background:

  • Sensory neurons and the immune system exhibit extensive crosstalk, generally protecting hosts from infection.
  • Pathogens can evade host defenses by interfering with pain signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how various organisms manipulate neuroimmune pain signaling.
  • To discuss the implications of this manipulation for public health and infectious disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on neuroimmune interactions and microbial manipulation of pain signaling.
  • Analysis of examples of parasites, bacteria, and other organisms interfering with pain pathways.

Main Results:

  • Organisms produce opioid analogs or interfere with nerve function to evade nociceptor-activated immunity.
  • Some pathogens increase neuroimmune pain, while hosts may adjust pain sensitivity for protection.
  • Spinal and cortical pain processing are targets for manipulation by infectious agents.

Conclusions:

  • Interference with pain signaling by microbes presents significant challenges for host defense and public health.
  • Targeting these neuroimmune mechanisms offers potential avenues for novel therapeutic strategies against infections and pain.