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Updated: May 10, 2025

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
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Characterization of a Lithium Disilicate CAD/CAM Material with Firing Temperature-Controlled Translucency.

Alvaro Munoz1, Chris Louca1, Alessandro Vichi1

  • 1School of Dental, Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2QG, UK.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Amber Mill lithium disilicate

Keywords:
CAD/CAMceramicflexural strengthlithium disilicatemetal-freetranslucency

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials
  • Dental Ceramics

Background:

  • Lithium disilicates are essential in restorative dentistry for their balance of aesthetics and mechanical properties.
  • Optimizing crystal fraction enhances strength but compromises translucency, a key aesthetic factor.
  • Amber Mill lithium disilicate aims to provide tunable translucency without sacrificing flexural strength through specific firing protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of Amber Mill's firing protocols on translucency and flexural strength.
  • To determine if customizable translucency is achievable without compromising mechanical integrity.
  • To assess the trade-off between aesthetic and mechanical properties in Amber Mill.

Main Methods:

  • Four firing protocols (HT, MT, LT, MO) were applied to Amber Mill specimens.
  • Translucency was measured using Contrast Ratio (CR) and Translucency Parameter (TP) tests (n=10).
  • Flexural strength was evaluated using a three-point bending test (n=15), with Weibull analysis and SEM performed.

Main Results:

  • Significant translucency differences were found only between medium opacity (MO) and the other protocols (LT/MT/HT).
  • Flexural strength followed the order MO > LT > MT > HT, with significant variations between specific groups.
  • Higher translucency levels correlated with decreased flexural strength.

Conclusions:

  • Amber Mill firing protocols yield limited translucency variation within the same shaded blocks.
  • A trade-off exists between achieving higher translucency and maintaining flexural strength.
  • The material's claim of customizable translucency without strength compromise was not fully supported by the findings.