The effects of hemodialysis on the eye

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hemodialysis on the eye and its long-term consequences. Hemodialysis is a process that purifies the blood and maintains the balance of water, solutes, acid-base, and electrolytes. The eye, being primarily composed of fluid, has been speculated to be affected by this technique. To analyze these effects, a literature review was conducted, focusing on the anatomical structures, functions, and changes in the eye following hemodialysis. The search for relevant articles was carried out on PubMed, including studies published in English between 2000 and 2023. The results of the review showed that certain observations such as visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, biometric parameters, and retinal nerve fiber layer did not show significant timing-related impacts, or there were conflicting findings. However, a connection was established between hemodialysis sessions and visual fields, parameters of visual-evoked potential, intraocular pressure in glaucoma, tear break-up time, Schirmer's test values, choroidal thickness, flow velocities of vessels, and ocular perfusion pressure values. In conclusion, it was determined that hemodialysis sessions can cause fluctuations that may complicate the assessment of eye health. To obtain a more accurate baseline evaluation, it is recommended to schedule ophthalmological examinations, a few hours after the hemodialysis session. Additionally, it is important to provide appropriate management for dry eyes and ocular hypertension, particularly during hemodialysis sessions. Coordination of these examinations with the timing of renal replacement therapy is advised to ensure optimal patient care.