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Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects

Published on: April 21, 2022

Bull Sperm Abnormalities in Practice.

Albert Barth¹, Viv E A Perry², Lauren E Hamilton³

¹Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.

Advances in Anatomy, Embryology, and Cell Biology

|April 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter details spermatozoal abnormalities impacting bull fertility, referencing case studies and research. It outlines abnormality thresholds and their effects on fertility, aiding in the assessment of reproductive health in bulls.

Keywords:

Abaxial tails Abnormal DNA condensation Azoospermia Coiled principal piece Corkscrew defect Dag defect Decapitated sperm Detached heads Distal reflex midpiece Knobbed acrosomes Microcephalic heads macrocephalic heads Multinuclear-multiflagellar Nuclear vacuoles Oligospermia Pale centres Proximal droplets Pseudodroplet Pyriform heads Rolled nuclear crest Ruffled plasmalemma and acrosome Segmental aplasia Short tail defect Sperm accumulation

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Science
Animal Reproduction

Background:

Spermatozoal abnormalities are a significant factor in reduced bull fertility.
Accurate assessment of these abnormalities is crucial for effective herd management.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review spermatozoal abnormalities associated with reduced bull fertility.
To provide a standardized format for understanding each abnormality, including tolerated thresholds.

Main Methods:

Review of published case studies and research experiments on bull fertility.
Standardized presentation of each spermatozoal abnormality.
Inclusion of visual aids such as images and photomicrographs.

Main Results:

Detailed descriptions of various spermatozoal abnormalities.
Information on the impact of each abnormality on bull fertility.
Suggested tolerated thresholds for abnormalities in ejaculates.

Conclusions:

Understanding spermatozoal abnormalities is key to improving bull fertility.
The chapter provides a comprehensive resource for identifying and managing these issues.