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Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

117
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

105
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
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Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

77.4K
Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
77.4K
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

10.6K
G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

132
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Updated: May 8, 2025

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Encouraging Signals for Treating Alcohol Use Disorder.

Marlene C Lira1,2, Eileen Barrett3, M Justin Coffey4,5

  • 1Workit Health, Albuquerque, NM, USA. mlira@workithealth.com.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|April 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists may reduce alcohol use, particularly heavy drinking days in those with obesity. Further research is needed to confirm these effects for alcohol use disorder treatment.

Keywords:
AddictionAlcohol use disorderGLP-1

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Excessive alcohol consumption is a major preventable cause of death in the US.
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, like semaglutide, are increasingly used and anecdotally linked to reduced cravings for addictive substances.
  • This review examines current evidence on GLP-1 agonists and alcohol-related health outcomes.

Discussion:

  • One trial showed no overall effect but reduced heavy drinking days and alcohol use in participants with obesity.
  • Retrospective studies suggest associations between GLP-1 agonists and alcohol use disorder (AUD), intoxication, and related hospitalizations.
  • The potential role of GLP-1 agonists in managing AUD requires careful consideration.

Key Insights:

  • GLP-1 agonists show potential in reducing heavy drinking and alcohol use in specific populations.
  • Evidence suggests a link between GLP-1 agonist use and decreased incidence/recurrence of AUD.
  • Associations observed include reduced alcohol intoxication and fewer alcohol-related hospitalizations.

Outlook:

  • Further clinical trials are essential to establish definitive efficacy and safety.
  • FDA approval and broader payer coverage are contingent on robust clinical data.
  • Investigating GLP-1 agonists for AUD treatment is a promising area for future research.