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Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) dwell time significantly increases bloodstream infection (BSI) risk after 3 days. Review PIVC necessity and consider replacement beyond 3 days to prevent PIVC-associated BSIs.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Patient Safety
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Bloodstream infections (BSIs) linked to peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are rare but preventable adverse events.
  • The relationship between PIVC dwell time and BSI risk is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the risk of BSIs during PIVC maintenance therapy.
  • To investigate the association between PIVC dwell time and BSI risk.

Main Methods:

  • Observational cohort study of 371,061 PIVCs in hospitalized patients.
  • Analysis of daily BSI risk using hazard rate function and kernel-based methods.
  • Multivariable logistic models to compare BSI risk at different dwell time cutoffs (>3, >4, >5, >6 days).

Main Results:

  • The instantaneous risk of BSIs was low in the first 2 days, increasing rapidly thereafter.
  • BSI risk significantly increased after 3 days of PIVC maintenance (AOR, 13.55).
  • Elevated BSI risk persisted beyond 3 days (AORs ranging from 5.38 to 8.53).

Conclusions:

  • PIVC dwell time is associated with the development of BSIs.
  • PIVC indication should be reviewed, and replacement considered after 3 days of dwell time.
  • This finding supports optimizing PIVC management to reduce infection rates.