Soluble CD8 and CD25 along with anti-tTG autoantibody as non-invasive prognostic factor in celiac patients

Celiac disease (CeD) is an enteropathy autoimmune disease that affects about 1% of people worldwide with various implications including health, psychological well-being, and economic effect for individuals and families. Elevated systemic levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 4 (sCD4) associated with different diseases, but the association of sCD8 and sCD25 levels in celiac disease was not investigated. This case-control study was designed to investigate the role of sCD8 and sCD25 as prognostic factors in celiac disease. The study included 120 samples from patients with CeD and normal people during the period from September 2023 to January 2024. The samples included both genders and different ages. Blood samples (5 ml) were drawn from each study subject. Soluble CD8, Soluble CD25, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD), and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG) were measured by the ELISA technique. There was no significant difference in age and gender between CeD patients and controls. The mean serum level of anti-tTG antibody was significantly higher in CeD patients (87.15 ±10.34) than controls (57.35±7.32 U/ml). for IgA and IgG than the control group 2.51±0.35 and 3.39±0.36 U/ml for IgA and IgG, respectively. Also, the serum level of anti-GAD was increased in patients compared to the control group. CeD patients had higher mean level of soluble CD8 and CD25 (10.77±0.778 and 1356.15±83.31 pmol/l) compared to the control group (3.98±0.29and 487.23±96.22 pmol/l). The study concluded that anti-TtG and CD25 can be used as non-invasive serum biomarkers to predict disease progression. By monitoring the levels of soluble CD8 and CD25 with anti-tTG-IgA in their serum, healthcare providers can predict clinical outcomes and identify the inflammatory process associated with CeD.