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Cardiovascular disease outcomes in relation to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and its seasonal variation: Results from the

Viktor Oskarsson1, Veikko Salomaa2, Pekka Jousilahti2

  • 1Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Plos One
|April 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This study found no evidence that seasonal vitamin D (25[OH]D) level changes drive cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases. However, higher vitamin D levels were consistently linked to lower CVD incidence and mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hypovitaminosis D (vitamin D deficiency) has been hypothesized to contribute to the winter increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • This hypothesis has been infrequently tested, necessitating further investigation into the relationship between vitamin D levels and CVD seasonality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between CVD incidence and mortality with seasonal variations in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels.
  • To examine the relationship between individual 25[OH]D concentrations and CVD risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized harmonized 25(OH)D data from the Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe (BiomarCaRE) project (n=79,570).
  • Employed Poisson regression to analyze CVD incidence and mortality rates across two-month categories based on 25(OH)D seasonality.
  • Applied Cox regression to assess hazard ratios for CVD incidence and mortality across quarters of baseline 25(OH)D concentrations.

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between seasonal 25(OH)D troughs and increased CVD incidence.
  • CVD mortality was slightly higher during 25(OH)D trough months, but this did not meet statistical significance compared to other periods.
  • Higher concentrations of 25(OH)D were inversely associated with both CVD incidence (HR: 0.82) and CVD mortality (HR: 0.64).

Conclusions:

  • The study does not support the hypothesis that short-term seasonal reductions in 25(OH)D drive increases in CVD.
  • Consistent with other observational studies, higher 25(OH)D concentrations show an inverse relationship with CVD risk.
Abstract

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