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Enhancing laser therapy procedure through surface temperature control in multi-layered skin tissue.

Zargham Ali Mirza1, Mohammad Azhdari2, Dmitry Kolomenskiy1

  • 1Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.

Journal of Thermal Biology
|April 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study models laser-skin interactions using a dual-phase-lag model and PID control for precise thermal management. Results show effective surface temperature regulation, but highlight the need for subsurface monitoring in laser therapies.

Keywords:
AnisotropyBioheatControllerLaser treatmentMulti-layeredScatteringSkin tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Thermal Physics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Laser therapy is crucial in dermatology for skin rejuvenation and collagen stimulation.
  • Understanding laser-tissue interaction in multilayered skin is essential for safety and efficacy.
  • Current models often lack precision in simulating complex thermal dynamics within skin layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a 2D dual-phase-lag heat conduction model for simulating temperature distribution in multilayered skin under laser irradiation.
  • To implement and assess a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control system for real-time surface temperature regulation during laser treatment.
  • To analyze the impact of PID control parameters on thermal regulation and identify potential subsurface temperature variations.

Main Methods:

  • A two-dimensional dual-phase-lag heat conduction model was developed, incorporating distinct optical and thermal properties of skin layers.
  • A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control system was integrated to manage laser intensity and maintain surface temperature.
  • Experimental validation was performed using an agar-based phantom to compare simulation results with real-world data.

Main Results:

  • The dual-phase-lag model accurately simulated temperature distribution in multilayered skin.
  • The PID control system effectively regulated surface temperature with minimal overshoot.
  • While surface temperature was controlled, deeper skin layers exhibited higher peak temperatures, indicating a need for subsurface monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated control systems are critical for enhancing precision, safety, and efficacy in laser-based thermal therapies.
  • The proposed modeling and control framework offers a robust foundation for real-time temperature management in medical laser applications.
  • Further research into subsurface thermal monitoring is recommended for high-absorption laser treatments to ensure comprehensive safety.