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Mapping the After-effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Human Auditory Cortex with Functional Imaging

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Published on: September 12, 2012

Task-related changes in resting state connectivity are affected by temporal interference (TI) stimulation.

Danielle Lauren Kurtin¹, Ketevan Alania¹, Edward Rhodes¹

¹Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Brain Stimulation

|April 24, 2025

Summary

Non-invasive brain stimulation can alter brain network activity after memory tasks. Temporal interference (TI) stimulation of the hippocampus acutely modulated functional connectivity (FC) traces from a preceding memory task.

Keywords:

Functional connectivity Hippocampus Memory Networks Resting state Stimulation Temporal interference

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Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 5, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Brain Imaging

Background:

Resting-state brain network activity and functional connectivity (FC) are influenced by prior cognitive tasks, like memory formation.
Brain stimulation techniques can modify resting-state brain activity and FC.
It remains unclear if brain stimulation can acutely alter the residual effects of cognitive tasks on brain activity or FC.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if non-invasive temporal interference (TI) stimulation of the hippocampus can modulate hippocampal resting-state FC traces left by a prior hippocampally-dependent task.

Main Methods:

Twenty healthy participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) before and after an associative memory task.
Theta-band TI stimulation or sham stimulation was applied to the hippocampus during the post-task resting state.
Pairwise mutual information functional connectivity (miFC) was analyzed using permutation tests to compare pre- vs. post-task states and the effect of TI stimulation.

Main Results:

Post-task sham stimulation showed significantly lower miFC in several networks, including the Anterior Temporal (AT) and Posterior Medial (PM) networks, compared to pre-task baseline.
TI stimulation of the hippocampus during the post-task resting state increased miFC within the hippocampal AT and PM networks, as well as other functional networks.

Conclusions:

Non-invasive TI stimulation applied during resting state can acutely modulate functional connectivity (FC) traces resulting from preceding hippocampal-dependent memory tasks.