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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors
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Published on: January 25, 2018

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Wait or Eat? self-other differences in a commonly held food norm.

Anna Paley1, Irene Scopelliti2, Janina Steinmetz2

  • 1Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, Tilburg, 5037 AB, Netherlands.

Appetite
|April 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

People expect themselves to follow dining etiquette more strictly than others. This self-other difference in perceived adherence to food norms stems from how psychological costs and benefits are viewed differently for oneself versus others.

Keywords:
Food consumptionFood normsNorm adherenceNorm utilityPerspective-takingSelf-other difference

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Food Studies

Background:

  • A common dining norm involves waiting to eat until all members of a group are served.
  • Understanding adherence to social norms is crucial for predicting group behavior and social cohesion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-other difference in anticipated adherence to the food norm of waiting to eat.
  • To explore the psychological factors driving this self-other difference.
  • To test interventions aimed at reducing the self-other difference.

Main Methods:

  • Six experiments involving 1907 participants were conducted.
  • Participants reported their expected adherence to the dining norm for themselves and others.
  • Psychological costs and benefits of adhering versus not adhering to the norm were assessed.
  • Interventions included taking the other person's perspective and explicit encouragement to break the norm.

Main Results:

  • A consistent self-other difference was observed, with individuals expecting greater adherence from themselves than from others.
  • This difference was attributed to differential perceptions of psychological costs and benefits.
  • Perspective-taking partially reduced the difference, while encouragement to break the norm had no significant effect.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals perceive their own adherence to food norms differently than they perceive others' adherence.
  • The perceived psychological utility of norm adherence is systematically biased between self and others.
  • Findings contribute to the understanding of social norms and self-perception in dining contexts.