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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.1K

Optimising human rabies vaccine supply chains: A modelling study.

Martha M Luka1, Elaine A Ferguson2, Eleanor Rees2

  • 1School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK..

Vaccine
|April 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Implementing mass dog rabies vaccination through a community-based continuous approach: A socio-anthropological process evaluation.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases·2026
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Bridging the gap between public health, academia and policy.

BMJ global health·2026
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Practitioner's perspectives on access to Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Tanzania: A mixed-methods and theoretically-informed study to inform policy and practice.

PLOS global public health·2026
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One Health Surveillance for Rabies: A Case Study of Integrated Bite Case Management in Albay Province, Philippines.

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Process mapping the One Health response to a rabies outbreak in the Philippines.

BMJ global health·2026
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Determinants of animal-source food consumption in children 6-48 months in livestock-keeping households in Narok County, Kenya.

Journal of health, population, and nutrition·2026
This summary is machine-generated.

Intradermal (ID) rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccination significantly reduces vaccine use and stockouts, even in low-demand settings. Tailored stock management improves vaccine availability and prevents rabies deaths.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Supply Chain Management

Background:

  • Rabies causes thousands of deaths annually, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccines are effective but face access challenges due to cost and supply chain failures, leading to stockouts.
  • Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, invests in improving access to PEP vaccines in Gavi-eligible countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate PEP demand in Tanzania and Kenya.
  • To examine stock management strategies for improving vaccine supply chains in Gavi-eligible countries.

Main Methods:

  • Negative binomial distributions were fitted to five years of bite patient data from Tanzania and Kenya.
  • Simulations of PEP vaccine demand were conducted under WHO-recommended intramuscular (IM) and intradermal (ID) regimens.
Keywords:
NTDsPost-exposure prophylaxisRabies vaccinesSupply chainsZero by 30

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  • Simulated vaccine use, stockouts, and the impact of stock management strategies were compared.

    • Main Results:

    • Bite patient incidence varied significantly, with demand surges exceeding monthly averages, especially in low-incidence settings.
    • Intradermal (ID) vaccination reduced vial use by over 55% and decreased stockout risk.
    • Decentralizing PEP improved access but reduced vial-sharing opportunities, increasing vial use; resilient supply chain strategies were identified based on patient throughput.

    Conclusions:

    • Intradermal (ID) vaccination effectively reduces vial use and stockouts, applicable even in low-throughput settings.
    • Tailoring stock management strategies, including alert thresholds and restocking volumes, can enhance rabies vaccine integration into essential immunization supply chains.
    • Improved vaccine availability through optimized supply chains can prevent unnecessary rabies deaths, though logistical trade-offs require consideration.